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Overview of Black Fungus Mushrooms
Black fungus, also known as ear fungus or cloud ear fungus (Auricularia auricula), belongs to the Auriculariaceae family. Its name, ear fungus, comes from its distinctive shape, which resembles a human ear.
In Japanese culture, it is referred to as kikurage, while in Chinese culture, it is commonly known as Mu Er. In English, it is sometimes called Jews’ Ear or Judas’ Ear.
Characteristics of Black Fungus Mushrooms
- Fresh ear fungus has a chewy texture, while the dried version is hard like bone.
- The shape is bowl-like, often resembling an earlobe.
- It measures 2 to 15 cm in diameter, with a thin, chewy texture.
- Its color ranges from black to dark brown.
- Reproduction in black fungus occurs vegetatively through sprouting, conidia, and mycelium fragmentation, while generative reproduction uses basidiospores.
Nutritional Profile of Black Fungus Mushrooms
For a serving size of 99 grams, black fungus mushrooms provide:
- Calories: 24.7 kcal (1%)
- Carbohydrates: 6.7 g (2%)
- Protein: 0.5 g (1%)
- Vitamin C: 0.6 mg (1%)
- Thiamin: 0.1 mg (5%)
- Riboflavin: 0.2 mg (12%)
- Niacin: 0.1 mg (0%)
- Vitamin B6: 0.1 mg (4%)
- Folic acid: 18.8 mcg (5%)
- Pantothenic acid: 2.0 mg (20%)
- Calcium: 15.8 mg (2%)
- Iron: 0.6 mg (3%)
- Magnesium: 24.7 mg (7%)
- Phosphorus: 13.9 mg (1%)
- Potassium: 42.6 mg (1%)
- Sodium: 8.9 mg (0%)
- Zinc: 0.7 mg (4%)
- Copper: 0.4 mg (22%)
- Manganese: 0.1 mg (5%)
- Selenium: 11.0 mcg (16%)
- Water: 91.7 g
Health Benefits of Black Fungus Mushrooms
- Reduces Cardiovascular Risk
Black fungus mushrooms are low in calories and high in protein, making them beneficial for cardiovascular health. The polysaccharides in these mushrooms are believed to have cardioprotective effects by enhancing superoxide dismutase activity and reducing lipid peroxidation.
- Supports Alzheimer’s Prevention
Polysaccharides found in black fungus mushrooms can inhibit key enzymes involved in Alzheimer’s disease, making them a valuable food for older adults.
- Anti-inflammatory Properties
The polysaccharide extracts in black fungus mushrooms have anti-inflammatory properties that can help treat irritation and inflammation in the mucous membranes.
- Acts as an Antithrombotic Agent
These mushrooms inhibit platelet aggregation and prolong coagulation time, offering anticoagulant benefits similar to thrombin inhibition by antithrombin.
- Lowers Cholesterol
Studies on hyperlipidemic mice have shown that the polysaccharides in black fungus mushrooms can lower total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, while increasing HDL levels.
- Prevents Anemia
Rich in iron, black fungus mushrooms are crucial for producing hemoglobin and myoglobin, which transport oxygen throughout the body. A serving of 99 grams can meet 3% of the daily iron requirement, helping to prevent anemia.
- Reduces Stress
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) in black fungus mushrooms supports the immune system and helps the body manage stress more effectively.
- Protects Against Free Radicals
Vitamin B2 acts as an antioxidant, protecting the body from damage caused by free radicals, which can lead to premature aging, cancer, and heart disease.
- Treats Stroke and Heart Disease
Boiled black fungus mushrooms help thin the blood, improving circulation and aiding in the treatment of stroke and heart disease.
- Detoxifies the Body
The mucus in black fungus mushrooms can detoxify the body, neutralizing toxins from foods, pesticides, and heavy metals.
- Benefits Surrounding Plants
As black fungus mushrooms decompose dead wood, they enrich the soil with nutrients and release carbon dioxide, benefiting nearby plants.
- Treats Hypertension
The cholesterol-lowering effects of black fungus mushrooms contribute to reducing the risk of arterial and venous obstruction, aiding in the treatment of hypertension.
Caution
While black fungus mushrooms offer numerous health benefits, consuming poisonous varieties can lead to adverse effects.
